Houston Miyawaki Forest

Native Species
Guide

75 species selected for Houston's climate, soils, and ecology — organized across the four layers of a Miyawaki forest.

75
Native species
profiled
4
Forest layers
represented
9a–10a
USDA zones
covered
6
Site catalog
types
01

Layer 1 of 4 · 60–120 ft

Emergent

The tallest trees, forming the forest's primary structure and maximum carbon storage. These canopy giants anchor every Miyawaki planting.

Bald Cypress

Taxodium distichum

Iconic wetland giant; extreme flood tolerance; cinnamon fall color.

Bur Oak

Quercus macrocarpa

Massive canopy; drought and pollution tolerant; long-lived.

Live Oak

Quercus virginiana

Evergreen Texas icon; sprawling form; exceptional wildlife value.

Loblolly Pine

Pinus taeda

Fast-growing native pine; evergreen structure; East Texas native.

Nuttall Oak

Quercus texana

Bottomland oak; excellent flood tolerance; strong acorn producer.

Pecan

Carya illinoinensis

Texas state tree; large nut producer; long-lived shade giant.

Shumard Oak

Quercus shumardii

Preferred red oak for Houston; brilliant fall color; rapid growth.

Swamp Chestnut Oak

Quercus michauxii

Bottomland specialist; large sweet acorns; flood tolerant.

Sweetgum

Liquidambar styraciflua

Star-shaped leaves; multicolor fall display; bayou-corridor native.

Water Oak

Quercus nigra

Fast canopy closure; adaptable; strong wildlife value.

Willow Oak

Quercus phellos

Fine-textured leaves; pollution tolerant; graceful form.

American Sycamore

Platanus occidentalis

Massive bottomland tree; distinctive mottled bark; fast growth.

Eastern Cottonwood

Populus deltoides

Extremely fast-growing; riparian specialist; large shade canopy.

Shagbark Hickory

Carya ovata

Distinctive peeling bark; valuable nut crop; slow but long-lived.

Black Willow

Salix nigra

Streamside native; rapid growth; erosion control on wet banks.

Water Hickory

Carya aquatica

Bottomland clay specialist; exceptional flood tolerance.

White Oak

Quercus alba

Highest wildlife value of all oaks; requires acid soils; long-lived.

Texas Hickory

Carya texana

Drought-tolerant upland hickory; valuable nut producer.

Cedar Elm

Ulmus crassifolia

Quintessential Houston street tree; thrives in clay; tolerant of extremes.

02

Layer 2 of 4 · 20–50 ft

Sub-Canopy

Smaller trees that thrive beneath the emergent layer, creating shade, moisture regulation, and primary wildlife habitat for birds and insects.

American Holly

Ilex opaca

Evergreen understory tree; red winter berries; deep shade tolerant.

American Persimmon

Diospyros virginiana

Sweet fall fruit; wildlife magnet; adaptable to many soils.

Black Cherry

Prunus serotina

Fast-growing; white spring blooms; major Lepidoptera host.

Carolina Buckthorn

Frangula caroliniana

Glossy leaves; red-to-black berries; fills gap to canopy.

Carolina Cherry Laurel

Prunus caroliniana

Evergreen screening tree; fragrant white blooms; fast growth.

Eastern Red Cedar

Juniperus virginiana

Evergreen year-round structure; extreme heat tolerance.

Eastern Redbud

Cercis canadensis

Spectacular spring color; compact form; heat tolerant.

Flameleaf Sumac

Rhus lanceolata

Brilliant fall color; pollution tolerant; spreads naturally.

Gum Bumelia

Sideroxylon lanuginosum

Thorny native; drought tolerant; supports native bees.

Mexican Buckeye

Ungnadia speciosa

Stunning spring bloom; compact canopy; drought tolerant.

Mexican Plum

Prunus mexicana

Early spring white blooms; edible fruit; wildlife value.

Possumhaw

Ilex decidua

Brilliant red winter berries; deciduous holly; critical bird food.

Red Buckeye

Aesculus pavia

Vivid red spring flowers; hummingbird magnet; understory specialist.

Red Mulberry

Morus rubra

Fast-growing; abundant fruit for birds; adaptable understory tree.

Roughleaf Dogwood

Cornus drummondii

Dense thicket-forming; white berries; excellent noise buffer.

Sugarberry

Celtis laevigata

Highly adaptable; persistent winter berries; essential wildlife corridor tree.

Sweetbay Magnolia

Magnolia virginiana

Fragrant flowers; semi-evergreen; pollinator favorite.

Wax Myrtle

Morella cerifera

Evergreen screening shrub-tree; nitrogen-fixing; fast growth.

Wild Azalea

Rhododendron canescens

Showy pink spring blooms; understory specialist; pollinator value.

Hercules Club

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis

Host plant for giant swallowtail; thorny trunk; aromatic leaves.

Blackjack Oak

Quercus marilandica

Drought-tolerant upland oak; tolerates poor soils.

03

Layer 3 of 4 · 3–15 ft

Shrub

Dense native shrubs that stabilize the forest floor, support pollinators, and provide critical wildlife food and cover.

Agarito

Mahonia trifoliolata

Thorny security barrier; spring flowers; drought tolerant.

American Beautyberry

Callicarpa americana

Iridescent purple berry clusters; beloved by 40+ bird species.

Buttonbush

Cephalanthus occidentalis

Wetland-edge specialist; spherical white blooms; pollinator magnet.

Coralberry

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus

Dense thicket-forming; exceptional pollinator and erosion value.

Elbow Bush

Forestiera pubescens

Early spring bloomer; tough and adaptable; wildlife cover.

Elderberry

Sambucus nigra

Fast-growing; abundant berries; classic native hedgerow species.

Fragrant Sumac

Rhus aromatica

Aggressive spreader; erosion control; aromatic foliage.

Parsley Hawthorn

Crataegus marshallii

Delicate lacy foliage; white spring blooms; small red fruit.

Texas Lantana

Lantana urticoides

Long bloom season; butterfly magnet; heat and drought tolerant.

Virginia Sweetspire

Itea virginica

Showy white flower spikes; brilliant fall color; wet-tolerant.

Yaupon Holly

Ilex vomitoria

Houston's most versatile native shrub; evergreen; bird habitat.

04

Layer 4 of 4 · 0–3 ft

Ground Cover

Grasses, wildflowers, and low perennials that complete the forest floor — stabilizing soil, supporting pollinators, and hosting specialist insects.

Cherokee Sedge

Carex cherokeensis

Shade-tolerant clumping sedge; excellent erosion control.

Dakota Mock Vervain

Glandularia bipinnatifida

Low-growing purple bloomer; drought tolerant; pollinator friendly.

Drummonds Phlox

Phlox drummondii

Vivid spring annual; reseeds readily; classic Texas wildflower.

Eastern Bluestar

Amsonia tabernaemontana

Soft blue spring blooms; golden fall color; tough perennial.

Eastern Gamagrass

Tripsacum dactyloides

Robust native grass; excellent forage and erosion control.

Firewheel

Gaillardia pulchella

Iconic red-and-yellow Texas wildflower; long bloom season.

Giant Coneflower

Rudbeckia maxima

Towering yellow blooms; goldfinch favorite; striking foliage.

Green headed coneflower

Rudbeckia laciniata

Tall native perennial; late-summer pollinator support.

Gulf Coast Muhly

Muhlenbergia capillaris var. filipes

Spectacular pink-purple fall haze; drought tolerant once established.

Inland Sea Oats

Chasmanthium latifolium

Graceful shade grass; stabilizes soil; hosts specialist insects.

Ironweed

Vernonia missurica

Vibrant purple blooms; top monarch butterfly plant.

Lance Leaf Coreopsis

Coreopsis lanceolata

Bright yellow spring bloomer; easy-care native perennial.

Lyre Leaf Sage

Salvia lyrata

Shade-tolerant groundcover; early spring blue blooms.

Mealy Blue Sage

Salvia farinacea

Long-blooming blue spikes; pollinator favorite; heat tolerant.

Purple Meadow Rue

Thalictrum dasycarpum

Delicate airy foliage; shade tolerant; subtle late-spring blooms.

Rain Lily

Zephyranthes drummondii

Surprise white blooms after rain; naturalizes readily.

Rattlesnake Master

Eryngium yuccifolium

Architectural foliage; globe-shaped blooms; pollinator magnet.

Scarlet Sage

Salvia coccinea

Bright red spikes; hummingbird favorite; long bloom season.

Sharp Sepaled Beardtongue

Penstemon oklahomensis

Native penstemon; spring blooms; pollinator value.

Spiderwort

Tradescantia virginiana

Purple-blue spring blooms; shade tolerant; spreads naturally.

Standing Cypress

Ipomopsis rubra

Tall red spike blooms; hummingbird magnet; biennial.

Swamp Milkweed

Asclepias incarnata

Wetland-edge monarch host plant; pink summer blooms.

Switchgrass

Panicum virgatum

Robust native bunchgrass; erosion control; wildlife cover.

Zizotes Milkweed

Asclepias oenotheroides

Native monarch host; drought tolerant; low-growing.

Full Reference

Download the complete Native Species Guide — detailed specs, site restrictions, and planting notes for every species.
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